The Arabian chemist, Al-Kindi (Alkindus), wrote in the 9th date a book on perfumes which he named ‘Book of the Chemistry of Perfume and Discount Perfume Distillations’. It contained also than hundred recipes for fragrant oils, salves, ambrosial waters and substitutes or imitations of costly drugs. The book also described one hundred and seven methods and recipes for perfume-making, and even the perfume making equipment, like the alembic, still bears its Arabic name.

However, "anyone armed with good GC/MS equipment and experienced in using this equipment can today, within days, find out a ample deal about the formulation of any perfume... customers and competitors can analyze most perfumes aggrandized or less precisely."